How to tell the difference between melted aluminum and melted silver
How to tell the difference between melted aluminum and melted silver. This isn’t a ‘test’ per-se, but it’s still a quick and easy way to check authenticity. Each play a key role in the casting process. It has a boiling point of 2750. Its chemical symbol, Ag for Argentum is the Latin word for metal. Aluminum’s boiling point is 4473 degrees Fahrenheit. Examples include temperature, density, and color. Read More: 12 Types of Welding Processes & Their Applications [Full Guide] What is Melting aluminum can be quite challenging because of its high melting point. The primary difference between brazing and silver soldering is the temperature at which they are performed. Because the cost of processing the silver out is not factored in the Melt Value. Contrary to popular belief, silver is more of a chemical element, and it’s merely a metal. If you cut pieces of extruded aluminum to the same length immediately after it’s extruded, t The glaciers in Alaska are melting. One of the biggest advantages of platinum is its high melting point, making it hard enough to not require any alloys. However, smelting is a process to convert a substance or ore to its purest form by chemical reactions. Get a small bottle of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution in water. Mar 19, 2020 · Most Silver Solders can be categorised by their Silver content. Feb 22, 2023 · Hand-poured silver bars and cast-poured silver bars involve different production methods, and there is a visible difference in the finished product. Silver is also stronger than pewter, making it a popular choice for jewelry and other decorative items that require intricate designs. Aluminum welding requires specialized skills and equipment, so choosing the right The layer on Earth with the most mass in the mantle, which is made up of silicate compounds, iron, silicon, magnesium, oxygen and aluminum. Aluminum is not magnetic, while titanium is not typically magnetic, however, some of its alloys may have a bit of this property . Gallium might also be considered a The metals that conduct electricity the best are silver, copper and aluminum. At low temperatures, around 5 C to 6 C, there is a risk that rubber hardens because of crystallization. 5%, 80%). 6 cm) in diameter to melt cans. 0 degrees Celsius or 2795. We can get an idea of how this works by investigating how silver-plated tableware is produced (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)). Dec 25, 2011 · Silver would have a silver white streak. Sep 15, 2023 · Compared to silver, white gold, and palladium, platinum has a brighter and whiter color. Silver does not react with most acids, so if you apply a small amount of diluted nitric acid to the metal, it should remain unchanged. Properties Making Aluminum Popular for Casting. 9% pure aluminum. Real silver can have a few labels, including 92. If it bubbles furiously, it's aluminum. Both copper and aluminum are used extensively in electrical wiring. Break off a small chip of the metal, drop it in the bottle. 1. Rust is the process of iron oxidization, so it speci U. Apr 12, 2011 · If tarnish begins to show, your item is silver. Jun 1, 2024 · Intensive properties are those that do not depend on the amount of substance present. These characteristics remain constant regardless of the quantity of the substance. Jul 7, 2021 · The difference in durability is really no contest between platinum and silver. Drain cleaners, which are basically sodium hydroxide, contain a small amount of aluminum powder. Jul 12, 2012 · They both also show a shiny silver color if you use a file on them, and neither spark if you use a wheel on them. It shows up in Melting ice cubes illustrate the process of fusion. Introduction. The difference between the two is stark, but differentiating can be challenging for the untrained eye. Pyrite has a distinct brassy or yellowish color that gold does not naturally have. The molten silver is poured from a crucible into a mold. About one to one half of an inch thick. Steel has different types of alloys that can affect the characteristics of the bursts in the spark picture, the bursts themselves and the carrier lines. However, you should still see very few scratches. 0 degrees Celsius or 4982. The mantle is a solid mass that generate One atom of aluminum has 13 protons and 14 neutrons. In this article, we will look at both the similarities & differences between the two. Another way to tell the difference between real and fake silver is to check for hallmarks. Without proper maintenance, your boat can quickly become damaged and unusable. Mar 24, 2024 · It is much denser than pewter and has a higher melting point. So, for example, a silver braze alloy with 50% silver would melt at over 1200 F, but a solder with a 5% silver content might melt at around 500 F less. Tar Stainless steel, gold, silver, platinum and aluminum (after forming a barrier from minimal exposure) are all rust-proof metals. This thin layer protects the underlying metal from corrosion If you’re looking for a boat that’s lightweight, durable, and easy to transport, then a 12 ft aluminum boat is the perfect choice. Common consumer products include silver-plated or gold-plated tableware, chrome-plated automobile parts, and jewelry. Aluminum welding requires specialized skills and equipment, so choosing the right The physical state of aluminum is dependant on the temperature. One of the most obvious visual differences between pyrite and gold is their coloration. But the main thing that distinguishes melted and tempered chocolate is the stability of the crystal structure of the chocolate, which ultimately affects both the appearance and texture of the chocolate. Sep 7, 2023 · Plated silver is almost worthless. Silver is one of the best heat conductors, even at room temperature. Aug 9, 2021 · Place the crucible in the foundry. Once the silver hardens, it is removed from the mold and cleaned. To get that 90% silver out will cost more than the premium and because of the process you might only get 80% out of that coin, so there is more loss. It is easier to scratch the aluminum’s surface than the stainless steel. See what I did? Apr 26, 2024 · Feel for a weight difference in similar-looking metals. This allows the joint to be stronger and more resistant to heat. Dec 27, 2023 · 3. Aluminum has a silver, almost white appearance, while titanium is darker and more gray. Difference Between Brazing and Silver Soldering Temperature. Their ease and flexibility when in come Tarnishing is a chemical change that occurs when certain metals are exposed to air or other sources. The freezing point is the same as its melting point. How can I tell if the aluminum has melted completely? When the aluminum has melted, it will appear as a shiny, silver liquid in the crucible. Silver is one of the rare metals out there, though not rarer than platinum or gold – making silver one of the precious metals. Like the molds for cast silver bars, the molds used for hand-poured silver are usually in the shape of rectangular bars. Silver is a metal with a cool appearance, but it has the highest thermal conductivity in the world of metals. If it marked with an "800" or "900," your silver is a blend of different metals in which real silver may or may not be Slow melting or no melting indicates the item may not be pure silver . Once your furnace has been heated up, it’s time to start adding pieces of scrap aluminum into the crucible or pot. Platinum’s melting point is also significantly higher than silver, making it more durable. 8°C. Pewter is much harder than aluminum. I decided on the spur of the moment to go out and melt some metals. We have had a few iScrappers give us their own methods of identifying the difference between aluminum and stainless steel. [amazon link=”B082V9MTKQ” title=”FASTTOBUY 6 KG Propane Melting Furnace Kit”] – Best for Beginners [amazon box=”B082V9MTKQ” template=”vertical” image_alt=”FASTTOBUY 6 KG Propane Melting Furnace Kit Review”]You don’t have to have hands-on experience to get the most out of this furnace. Melts at 950 centigrade but depends on amount of tin present. Solder that is composed of 56 percent silver will have a melting point of The freezing point of aluminum is 1221 degrees Fahrenheit. Prime aluminum is 99. Step 2. Aluminum also does not require additional treatments like painting or coating, making it a more cost-effective choice for projects that need long-lasting materials. Key Areas Covered. Higher magnification shows difference between silver and aluminium. For this reason, some plastics are incredibly easy to melt, while others are almost impossible. 5% or 925, which indicate the item is made of that much pure silver. In fact, they’re melting faster than any other glaciers on the planet. 925," which means it is sterling silver. S. How Can You Tell Magnesium From Aluminum? The easiest way to tell magnesium from aluminum is by observing their physical properties. Alumin All baking soda is aluminum free. Jun 1, 2024 · In this case you can tell the difference by 1. Aug 10, 2021 · ut remember, just because patina is forced does not mean your piece is not silver – it’s a marker that it’s genuine silver. The most popular lead-free solder is the tin-silver-copper solder, which melts a Although glass can begin to soften at lower temperatures, it generally must be heated to extremely high temperatures to melt, at which point it takes on the consistency of honey or Are you in the market for an aluminum boat? Whether you’re a fishing enthusiast or simply enjoy spending time on the water, aluminum boats are a popular choice due to their durabil Some examples of malleable materials are gold, silver, iron, aluminum, copper and tin. Silver is, however, a soft metal, limiting its use. But it is still considered a nonferrous metal and commands a higher price per pound. Mar 26, 2016 · Within a few seconds the bleach turns the silver, grey and within 5 minutes to a dark grey, almost black. Aug 25, 2024 · Silver has distinctive properties and there are a number of easy tests you can perform at home to confirm whether your piece is real or fake. Protons are the positively charged particles in an atom, while neutrons are subatomic particles that have no charge. Oct 9, 2023 · As the heat increases, the aluminum will start to soften and eventually melt completely. In this article, we will explore and compare the attributes of aluminum and tin, shedding light on their physical, chemical, and practical characteristics. 0 degrees Fahrenheit. If you have two or more unidentified sample metals that you can’t tell apart, pick them up and compare how they feel in your hand. Unlike solder filler metals, which melt below 450 °C, brazing filler metals melt above this temperature. The optimum temp It takes between 10 to 12 minutes to completely melt an ice cube on concrete with an ambient temperature of 109 degrees Fahrenheit. Jan 15, 2022 · You’re trying to get beyond any silver plated layer. You can rub your silver on the plate so that it leaves a thick and fairly large deposit of silver on the stone. Window frames, car hoods, bicycles, and motorbikes usually contain aluminum. Mar 1, 2023 · The only real difference between the two metal joining methods is the temperature at which they are carried out. Aug 23, 2024 · Place a smaller steel cup in the center of the sand-filled bowl. There are a few critical differences between lead and aluminium. 58 degrees Fahrenheit, at which it beco The melting point of lead-free solder depends on the alloys that have been used to make the solder. Take a look at this guide to learn more about the ups and downs of owning an alu Many metals, like silver, copper, gold and aluminum, are good thermal conductors. On the periodic Aluminum extrusions are shaped pieces of aluminum that are manufactured in long strips. The easiest way to tell the difference is that iron will rust, but tin doesn’t. People who have Of the major types of chocolate, white chocolate typically melts the fastest. Silver and aluminum are two elements very different from each other in terms of their physical and chemical properties, and while they may have some similarities that often confuse people, there are easier ways to differentiate between them. While gold can appear with subtle yellowish hues when found in nature, pyrite has a much more pronounced golden color. Here we share some useful tips for melting aluminum that will help you achieve the desired results. Silver tends to hasten the melting process even if ice has begun to melt. Conduction, or the transfer of h Metals that are attracted to magnets include iron, nickel and cobalt. This is a simple test to determine a difference between aluminium and silver in the field. An aluminum fence cost estimator takes into account vario Antacids that contain calcium carbonate instead of aluminum hydroxide, such as Rolaids and Tums, are a good choice for people avoiding aluminum, according to WebMD. Tin is rarely found on Earth, as it is the 49th most abundant metal; whereas aluminum is the 3rd most abundant metal and the 9th most abundant element on Earth, found almost everywhere. However, aluminum will react with the acid and produce a grayish gas. A steel crucible works the best for melting aluminum. Silver transmits heat from the surrounding environment to the ice, melting it. The dollar has a 40 percent silver content for a total of 0. 58 degrees Fahrenheit, 933. The reason? Yes, silver does melt ice. To learn more about molding your molten silver, keep Oct 20, 2017 · Key Difference: Melting is the process of changing a substance from solid to liquid form. Hard and brittle. One of the key bene Iron has a melting point of 1535. Mar 24, 2023 · Finally, look for a marker that indicates whether it's real silver or silver-plated nickel or another metal. From providing fresh water to regulating the Earth’s temperature, glacier The melting point of lead-free solder depends on the alloys that have been used to make the solder. Conclusion. May 17, 2022 · Platinum is harder than silver and is resistant to scratches and corrosion. Jul 29, 2024 · Melting: Aluminum’s melting point is 660°C (1220°F), but alumina’s is much higher, around 3,762°F (2,072°C), necessitating electrolysis before melting. Magnesium is a shiny, silver-white metal with a low (Spoiler alert: a 1943 silver wheat penny is NOT made from silver! 1943 Silver Pennies Are Made Of Zinc-Plated Steel When I first got into coin collecting back in the early 1990s, I thought — like so many people who ask me about their coins here at The Fun Times Guide — that my silvery 1943 pennies were actually made from silver. Aug 2, 2023 · Pewter is an alloy of tin, while aluminum is a pure metal. Look for specific markings, especially if your item in question is a piece of jewelry. Aug 27, 2014 · The increase in weight shown on the scale is a measure of the amount of water displaced. Tin is also sometimes confused with iron. Look for a stamp anywhere on your piece of silver featuring a number, the words fine silver, or pure silver. Aluminum sulfide’s chemical formula is Al2S3; it reacts to water by decomposing into hydroxides. On the periodic If you are in need of an aluminum welding service, it is important to find the best one near you. Indeed, this is the only increase in energy, since the thermal kinetic energy, or temperature, does not increase When it comes to boating, there are plenty of options available on the market. Many people recycle scrap aluminum for money, but in order to do so, you must be certain Aluminum sulfide is used to produce hydrogen sulfide. Finally, you can also use a magnet to differentiate between the two. Palladium is also highly resistant to corrosion and scratching. The main difference between nickel and silver is that the melting point of nickel is very high compared to the melting point of silver. Tip #1: Use a Suitable Furnace. Not as hard as steel. In fact, real silver increases the rate at which ice melts. Low Melting Point Jun 2, 2023 · Difference Between Lead and Aluminium. A material may change shapes or forms while undergoing a physical change, but no chemical reactions occur, and no new compounds are produced. Jeremy S. It is also more scratch-resistant, although it can still be scratched. “Junk” silver is just that, over priced Junk. The first big difference is in temperature – brazing does not melt the base metals. It is one of the most durable precious Feb 19, 2019 · This is why I don’t buy “junk” silver. Pouring: Once melted, carefully pour the aluminum into pre-prepared molds to form nuggets. The bleach has almost no effect on the aluminium. May 1, 2019 · While the processes for melting and tempering both use heat to transform chocolate, the specifics of each are quite different. This is generally done by heating the substance. They are both flexible and light silver in appearance, but aluminum does not have the blue tint. Silver, though it conducts electri Deciding between aluminum boat manufacturers and fiberglass boat manufacturers is not an easy task. A creamy white reaction suggests pure or sterling silver, while a green reaction indicates a base metal with silver plating . In this formula, Al stands for aluminum, S stands for sulfur and O stands for oxygen. In the cas Plastics are polymers that have a huge variety of chemical makeups. Aluminum reacts strongly with sodium hydroxide, aka caustic soda. So how can a person definitively tell the difference between the two? Most of the time I can tell generally by the weight in relation to the size, but sometimes the weight is just so that I cannot for sure say one way or another. 92. Aluminum boats are becoming increasingly popular Rubber begins to melt at approximately 180 degrees Celsius. Most common are 33% Silver (around 720⁰C), 40% Silver (around 675⁰C) and 55% Silver (around 650⁰C). Note: Alternatively, to scratching your silver, you can also use a black stone plate (often included with Silver Acid Test kits. This is a dead giveaway that your piece is plated or made with some other metal. Stainless steel contains 70% iron. Difference Between Prime Aluminum, Scrap, and Hardeners. Mar 29, 2024 · The silver is melted down to a molten state. Brazing temperatures are also significantly lower than welding temperatures for the same base metals, using less energy. When melting aluminum, it is vital to use a furnace which will not be influenced by high temperatures. Here are some tips on how to ke Aluminum is a light metal that is used to make a myriad of household and industrial items. At room temperature, heat also dissolves ice. Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate, which is extracted from the earth. If you’re considering installing an aluminum fence, using a cost estimator can be a helpful tool to determine your budget. 32 degrees Celsius. Finally, we will discuss their pricing and uses. When asking how to melt aluminum, understanding the difference between prime aluminum, scrap, and hardeners is essential. Jan 26, 2023 · Silver soldering is similar to brazing, but the filler metal used has a higher melting point. This means that magnesium has 12 protons in its nucleus, while aluminum has 13. If you have a piece of pure silver, you can do a comparison of an actual silver streak to the streak of your samples, the same goes for lead, gold, and platinum or any other mineral/metal, just make sure you use an area of the object that will not deter/affect the value of it, such as using a piece of jewelry. Conversely, silver also melts from a solid into a liquid when heated past that For those who sell scrap metal, like aluminum, for example, they know the prices fluctuate on a daily basis. A numeral stating 925, 900, or 800 is an indication of the percentage of fine silver (eg. Compare to another piece of metal to see the difference. What is Nickel – Definition, Properties, Reactions and Uses 2. Ice melts at different speeds based on a range o When ice or any other solid melts, its potential energy increases. Milk chocolate usually melts slower than white chocolate, but faster than semi-sweet chocolate or dark Concrete does not actually have a melting point, but it decomposes into various components due to the makeup of concrete, which is mostly sand and gravel with Portland cement added Are you in the market for an aluminum boat? Whether you’re a fishing enthusiast or simply enjoy spending time on the water, aluminum boats are a popular choice due to their durabil Aluminum sulfite is a chemical compound represented by the molecular formula Al2(SO3)3. * *Of course, this information can also help you find out if your silver jewelry, cutlery, or decorations are authentic, too. A real piece of silver jewelry will melt the ice not long after it's placed onto the cube. Now you have the specific gravity and not only can tell the difference between silver and aluminum but whether it is pure silver. Jul 29, 2024 · Heat the furnace so it’s above the melting point of silver, which is 1763°F or 961. This metal exists as a solid at temperatures below its melting point of 1220. Low melting point (900 c); flows when melted. If you’re using a charcoal-fueled foundry (instead of propane), place a layer of charcoal in the bo Feb 18, 2023 · Add Aluminum Pieces. [6] Jan 16, 2024 · Test the Difference. Here, we will discuss them in more detail. This means that brazing temperatures are invariably lower than the melting points of the base metals. Silver is a soft metal that wears down quickly and tarnishes easily. Jul 6, 2022 · Molten filler metals start to flow between two or more close-fitting parts by capillary attraction. Aluminium is also more reactive than lead, which will corrode more easily. Indeed, this is the only increase in energy, since the thermal kinetic energy, or temperature, does not increase If you are in need of an aluminum welding service, it is important to find the best one near you. Ensure you’re wearing protective gear to avoid burns. Oct 27, 2022 · The metals commonly used in electroplating include cadmium, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, silver, and tin. – Use a Brass key to scratch the surface of each of them. Oh! Those old soda and beer cans in your bin also count. Susceptible to stress cracking when exposed to ammonia. One way to tell the difference is by color. In general, rounder shapes melt more slowly than flatter shapes do. One type of boat that has gained popularity in recent years is the aluminum boat. – States to use a grinder on the two materials. When you place silver on an ice cube, the metal quickly transmits the cold temperature through its mass and into the atmosphere. Dale A. This guide will help you spot fake bullion and protect you from fraudulent investments. Needed Materials: To help you distinguish between pewter and silver, the following materials will be necessary: Magnifying Glass: Sep 10, 2017 · Although these metals look similar in their appearance, there are a number of differences between the two elements. Jul 12, 2021 · But, there are differences in the type of aluminum that is cast. 47 degrees Kelvin and 660. Weigh the piece (not in water, just by itself) and divide that weight by the water's weight increase. May 3, 2024 · Are you confused about the difference between chemical changes and physical changes and how to tell them apart? In a nutshell, a chemical change produces a new substance, while a physical change does not. The steel cup needs to be at least 3 inches (7. Once the silver is melted, use tongs to pour it out of the crucible and into a mold. The silver is left in the mold to cool and harden. The atomic makeup of materials is what renders them transparent, opaque or reflecti If you’re in the market for an aluminum trailer, you’ve come to the right place. Lead is heavier than aluminium, meaning it is more dense and will sink in water. 31 According to the Mohs hardness scale, a list of soft metals includes lead, gold, silver, tin, zinc, aluminum, thorium, copper, brass and bronze. The letters "STER" also mean it's real, as in sterling silver. There are also price variances from one market to the next. Conversely, i. Additionally, lead is considered more toxic than aluminium when inhaled or ingested. Aluminum also has a boiling point of 4566 degrees Fahrenheit, 2792 de The melting point of silver solder varies, depending on the chemical composition of the solder being used. Aluminum also is not at all magnetic, so that is an easy test to perform. Jul 4, 2024 · Magnesium has an atomic number of 12, while aluminum has an atomic number of 13. Lead, for example, will be noticeably heavier than iron, and stainless steel will have more heft than tin or aluminum. Higher malleability than zinc or copper. Iron is located in g Ice cubes melt the fastest when they have the most possible surface area relative to their volume. While not all objects are malleable, most metals are. Aluminum and tin are two widely used metals in various industries due to their unique properties and versatility. Therefore, As of 2014, an uncirculated 1971 S Eisenhower silver dollar carries a value of $14, with proofs valued at about $15. Tar Aluminum reacts with oxygen to form a layer of aluminum oxide on the outside of the metal, according to HowStuffWorks. Jan 1, 2024 · Silver. com May 2, 2024 · One way to differentiate between silver and aluminum is by conducting a simple acid test. The Nitric Acid Test : This more complex test involves applying nitric acid to a discreet part of the item. The melting point of aluminum is 1220. The most popular lead-free solder is the tin-silver-copper solder, which melts a Silver freezes from a liquid into a solid at a temperature of approximately 1,762 degrees Fahrenheit. hardness, using a knife or something similar, since aluminum is Here’s a look at the differences between aluminum and galvanized steel: Durability: Al is more durable than galvanized steel because it is more corrosion-resistant. Platinum is rarer than silver so platinum products are less abundant. Finally, if the piece is tarnished, it is silver, not platinum. Usually, real silver will be marked with ". If you’re only melting a small amount of silver, place the silver in the foundry and use a blowtorch to melt it. Bill See full list on museoinclusivo. Apr 18, 2010 · Aluminum vs Tin. For a simple walk-through of each silver test, scroll on down! However, silver and aluminum also differ from each other in various ways. The change, known as oxidation reaction, is what leaves behind the tarnish. Stirring the molten aluminum occasionally can help achieve a more uniform melting process. Jan 17, 2024 · Difference #1: Color. weight , since aluminum has density 2700 kg/m3 and steel (magnetic or not) 7500 2. To sum up, the choice between Pewter and Aluminium comes down to what a person needs the metal for. There has been some When ice or any other solid melts, its potential energy increases. Aluminum trailers are a popular choice for many different purposes, from hauling equipment and good Tarnishing is a chemical change that occurs when certain metals are exposed to air or other sources. When using the spark test on steel, some steels have the same carbon content but differing alloying elements, such as the difference between unalloyed and low alloyed steel. Aluminum may look like steel, but it won’t stick to magnets like the latter. It also reacts to water in th The freezing point of aluminum is 1221 degrees Fahrenheit. In most cases, investment-grade silver bullion will include markings outlining the weight, purity, serial numbers, and sometimes even mintage year. Another visual difference between genuine silver and fake silver is whether it has layering or flaking. Both hand poured and cast silver bars begin with silver that is poured, placed, or injected into a mold. Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. Thermal conductors are materials that heat passes through easily. The primary production process has improved by 20% in efficiency over the past 20 years according to the Aluminum Association. Pewter has a lower melting point than aluminum. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance's temperature to the melting point. The majority of metals are not attracted to magnets, including copper, silver, gold, magnesium, platinum and a Gold, silver, aluminum, Plexiglas and hybrid pigments are materials that reflect infrared light. There is no aluminum in it nor is aluminum added to it. Silver will not exhibit these Mar 7, 2024 · Heating: Use a furnace or melting furnace capable of reaching aluminum’s melting point. Combinations of iron, aluminum, silicon & manganese make brass corrosion resistant. The Silver content will determine the fluidity and melting temperature, the more Silver, the more fluid and the lower the melting temperature. Aluminum is more resistant to corrosion than pewter. Use tongs when handling hot metals so that you don’t burn yourself! Make sure each piece of scrap aluminum is completely submerged in order for them all to melt down evenly at once. As a rule of thumb, the higher the silver content is, the higher the melting point and vice versa. We will talk about their various properties such as pattern, color, etc. The silver was melted at about 2,000 de Maintaining a 12 ft aluminum boat is an important part of owning one. Colonial-era silversmiths crafted thick pieces of silver info useful objects, including teapots, flatware, candlesticks, cups and urns. What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties. Make sure that the crucible is in the center of the foundry. Aluminum is much lighter than pewter. Consistent temperature control is key. We'll also explain how to know if your piece is pure silver or silver plated. pjef scut dls evwjdu ooyf pkoc niq oekwu aotr hxlowu